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This is a timeline of the presence of Orthodoxy in Greece. The history of Greece traditionally encompasses the study of the Greek people, the areas they ruled historically, as well as the territory now composing the modern state of Greece. Christianity was first brought to the geographical area corresponding to modern Greece by the Apostle Paul, although the church's apostolicity also rests upon St. Andrew who preached the gospel in Greece and suffered martyrdom in Patras, Titus, Paul's companion who preached the gospel in Crete where he became bishop, Philip who, according to the tradition, visited and preached in Athens, Luke the Evangelist who was martyred in Thebes, Lazarus of Bethany, Bishop of Kition in Cyprus, and John the Theologian who was exiled on the island of Patmos where he received the Revelation recorded in the last book of the New Testament. In addition, the Theotokos is regarded as having visited the Holy Mountain in 49 AD according to tradition. Thus Greece became the first European area to accept the gospel of Christ. Towards the end of the 2nd century the early apostolic bishoprics had developed into metropolitan sees in the most important cities. Such were the sees of Thessaloniki, Corinth, Nicopolis, Philippi and Athens.〔(World Council of Churches: Church of Greece ). Retrieved: 28 November 2013.〕 By the 4th century almost the entire Balkan peninsula constituted the Exarchate of Illyricum which was under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome. Illyricum was assigned to the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Constantinople by the emperor in 732. From then on the Church in Greece remained under Constantinople till the fall of the Byzantine empire to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. As an integral part of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, the church remained under its jurisdiction until Greek independence.〔 Under Ottoman rule, up to "6,000 Greek clergymen, ca. 100 Bishops, and 11 Patriarchs knew the Ottoman sword".〔Christodoulos (Paraskevaides) of Athens. ''(Address to the Conference organised by the Synodal Committee on European Issues, entitled “Islam: the extent of the problematics” ).'' Holy Monastery of Penteli, Attica, 12/5/2007.〕〔Demetrios Constantelos. ''(Altruistic Suicide or Altruistic Martyrdom? Christian Greek Orthodox Neomartyrs: A Case Study ).'' Archives of Suicide Research, Volume 8, No 1, 2004. (Myriobiblos Library).〕 The Greek War of Independence of 1821–28 created an independent southern Greece, but created anomalies in ecclesiastical relations since the Ecumenical Patriarch remained under Ottoman tutelage, and in 1850 the Endemousa Synod in Constantinople declared the Church of Greece autocephalous. The cultural roots of both Byzantine and modern Greece cannot be separated from Orthodoxy. Therefore, it was natural that in all Greek Constitutions the Orthodox Church was accorded the status of the prevailing religion.〔Charalambos K. Papastathis and Nikos Maghioros. ''"(Greece: A Faithful Orthodox Christian State. THE ORTHODOX CHURCH IN THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC )."'' In: Javier Martínez-Torrón and W. Cole Durham, Jr.. Religion and the Secular State: National Reports (Issued for the occasion of the XVIIIth International Congress of Comparative Law, Washington, D.C., July 2010). Published by: Complutense Universidad de Madrid, in cooperation with The International Center for Law and Religion Studies, Brigham Young University. July 2014. pp. 339-340.〕 In the 20th century, during much of the period of communism, the Church of Greece saw itself as a guardian of Orthodoxy. It cherishes its place as the cradle of the primitive church and the Greek clergy are still present in the historic places of Istanbul and Jerusalem, and Cyprus.〔The Globe and Mail (Canada's National Newspaper). ''"Orthodox Church at Crossroads."'' 10 November 1995. p. A14.〕 The autocephalous Church of Greece is organised into 81 dioceses, however 35 of these – known as the Metropolises of the New Lands – are nominally under the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople but are administered as part of the Church of Greece; although the dioceses of Crete, the Dodecanese, and Mount Athos are under the direct jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.〔Victor Roudometof. ''Greek Orthodoxy, Territoriality, and Globality: Religious Responses and Institutional Disputes. Report.'' Sociology of Religion. Vol. 69 No. 1. 22 March 2008. Pg. 67(25). ISSN: 1069-4404.〕〔"Codified in the 1928 Patriarchal and Synodical Act, the "New Lands" were entrusted to the temporary stewardship of the Church of Greece, provided that the Church respected the terms of the Act. The Act subsequently has been incorporated into several pieces of Greek legislation (Laws 3615/1928, 5438/1932, 599/1977, and Article 3, paragraph 1 of the current Greek Constitution), thereby recognizing the ecclesiastical agreement between the two sides."〕 The Archbishop of Athens and All Greece presides over both a standing synod of twelve metropolitans (six from the new territories and six from southern Greece), who participate in the synod in rotation and on an annual basis, and a synod of the hierarchy (in which all ruling metropolitans participate), which meets once a year.〔 The government observes several religious holidays as national holidays including Epiphany, Clean Monday (the start of Great Lent), Good Friday, Easter Sunday, Easter Monday, Holy Spirit Day, the Dormition of the Theotokos and Christmas.〔U.S. Department of State. ''(International Religious Freedom Report for 2012: Greece ).'' Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. 2012.〕 Among the current concerns of the Church of Greece are the Christian response to globalization, to interreligious dialogue, and a common Christian voice within the framework of the European Union.〔 The population of Greece is 11.4 million (2011),〔''"Greece."'' D&B Country Riskline Reports (News). May 2013.〕 of which 95%〔 ''"(Η θρησκευτική πίστη.‘Ανήκετε σε κάποια θρησκεία, και αν ναι, σε ποια; )"'' Πανελλαδική Έρευνα Metron Forum. 29 Δεκεμβρίου 2011. σελ. 50.〕 to 98%〔''"(Europe: Greece )."'' CIA – The World Factbook. Page last updated on 7 May 2013. Retrieved: 21 May 2013.〕 are Greek Orthodox. ==Second Hellenic Republic (1924–1935)== (詳細はTimeline of the History of the Greek Church ).'' Anagnosis Books, Deliyianni 3, Marousi 15122, Greece. Retrieved 25 April 2013.〕〔Ioannis M. Konidaris. ''"(The Mount Athos Avaton )."'' Myriobiblos Library. Retrieved: 8 February 2013.〕 Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia formally founded;〔''(History of the Church in Australia ).'' Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia. Retrieved: 24 July 2013.〕 death of Arsenios of Cappadocia.〔Great Synaxaristes : ''(Ὁ Ὅσιος Ἀρσένιος ὁ Καππαδόκης ).'' 10 Νοεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.〕 *1925 School of Theology established at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, due to the initiative taken by the government of Alexandros Papanastasiou.〔''"(School of Theology )."'' Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Retrieved: 21 May 2015.〕 appearance of the Sign of the Cross over the church of St. John the Theologian at Mount Hymettus in suburban Athens, on the eve of the feast of the Exaltation of the All-Honourable and Life-giving Cross.〔''(The Appearance of the Sign of the Cross Near Athens in 1925 ).'' Orthodox Christian Information Center. Retrieved: 15 July, 2015. : *From: ''Orthodox Life,'' Vol. 22, No. 2 (March-April, 1972), pp. 18-20.〕 *1925–1945 Emigration of less than 30,000 Greeks to the United States, many of whom were "picture brides" for single Greek men.〔''(Greeks in USA: The Origins ).'' Hellenic Republic: Embassy of Greece – Washington, DC. Retrieved: 21 May 2013.〕 *1926 Proposal for Mount Athos to be turned into a condominium by Dictator Theodoros Pangalos, as part of the treaty signed on 17 August between Greece and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes;〔 the existing constitution governing the affairs of Mount Athos is passed.〔Treasures from Mount Athos. ''(CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF IMPORTANT EVENTS ).'' Hellenic Resources Network (HR-Net). Retrieved: 23 May 2013.〕 *1927-1954 Archim. Seraphim Papakostas (1872-1954) succeeds Archim. Eusebius Matthopoulos as head of the Zoe Brotherhood movement in Greece.〔Kallistos Ware, (Bishop of Diokleia). ''The Inner Kingdom.'' Volume 1 of Collected works. St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2000. p. 44. ISBN 9780881412093〕 *1928 The Ecumenical Patriarchate issued a tome by which it ceded to the Church of Greece, on a temporary basis, 35 of its metropolitan dioceses in northern Greece to be administered by it.〔〔"Codified in the 1928 Patriarchal and Synodical Act, the "New Lands" were entrusted to the temporary stewardship of the Church of Greece, provided that the Church respected the terms of the Act. The Act subsequently has been incorporated into several pieces of Greek legislation (Laws 3615/1928, 5438/1932, 599/1977, and Article 3, paragraph 1 of the current Greek Constitution), thereby recognizing the ecclesiastical agreement between the two sides."〕 *1930 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk officially renamed Constantinople to Istanbul,〔Harry Mount. ''(Istanbul, Turkey: in search of the city's Roman past ).'' The Telegraph (UK). 9:40AM BST 17 September 2012.〕〔''(Turkey timeline: A chronology of key events ).'' BBC News. 13:48 GMT, Thursday, 22 March 2012.〕〔Robinson, Richard D.. ''The First Turkish Republic: A Case Study in National Development''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965.〕 which comes from the Greek expression "eis-tin-polin" ("to the City"), based on the common Greek usage of referring to Constantinople simply as ''The City;'' a Pan-Orthodox Consultation on Mount Athos concluded that the only possible relations on the part of the Orthodox toward the Roman Catholics was ''"Relations of defense on the part of the Orthodox toward Roman Catholic Proselytism;"''〔Rev. Nicon D. Patrinacos. ''A Dictionary of Greek Orthodoxy - Λεξικον Ελλινικης Ορθοδοξιας.'' Light and Life Publishing, 1984. p.323.〕 Traditionalist Greeks (Old Calendarist communities) began publishing the monthly journal ''Orthodoxos Keryx'' (''Orthodox Herald'') from 1930.〔Dimitri Kitsikis (Professor). ''The Old Calendarists and the Rise of Religious Conservatism in Greece.'' Translated from the French by Novice Patrick and Bishop Chrysostomos of Etna. Center for Traditionalist Orthodox Studies, 1995. p. 21.〕 *1930-1931 Rulings of the Court of Appeal (1930) and the Supreme Court (1931) imposed a ban on Uniates in Greece from wearing the outer garments of Orthodox clergy, in order to avoid the confusion with Orthodox clergy they were seeking, however the Uniates never consistently respected this decision.〔 ΑΝΤΙΑΙΡΕΤΙΚΟΝ ΕΓΚΟΛΠΙΟΝ. ''(H Ουνία στην Ελλάδα ).'' ΑΠΟΣΠΑΣΜΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΟ: "ΟΥΝΙΑ: ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟ ΚΑΙ ΠΡΟΣΩΠΕΙΟ", πρωτοπρ. ΓΕΩΡΓΙΟΥ ΜΕΤΑΛΛΗΝΟΥ. Retrieved: 07 August, 2015.〕 *1931 Benaki Museum opens in Athens, housing Byzantine, Post-Byzantine, and Neo-Hellenic ecclesiastical and national art collections. *1932 Death of Saint Nicholas Planas.〔Great Synaxaristes : ''(Ὁ Ἅγιος Νικόλαος ὁ Πλανᾶς ).'' 2 Μαρτίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.〕〔Fr. Alexey Young. ''(The Simple Shepherd – Papa Nicholas Planas ).'' Orthodox America (St. James the Apostle Orthodox Church). Issue 56, Vol VI, No. 6, January 1986. Retrieved: 17 May 2013.〕〔Ourania Papadopoulos. ''(Papa-Nicholas Planas: The Simple Shepherd of the Simple Sheep ).'' Transl. from the Greek by Holy Transfiguration Monastery. Boston, Massachusetts, 2001. 149 pages. ISBN 9780913026182〕 *1933 Church of Greece bans Freemasonry, declaring that when one becomes a Mason (a member of Freemasonry) it is an act of apostasy from the Church and therefore, until that person repents, they can not attend the Holy Eucharist;〔''(Freemasonry: Official Statement of the Church of Greece (1933) ).'' Orthodox Christian Information Center. Retrieved: 24 November 2012.〕〔Gregory Zorzos – Γρηγόρης Ζώρζος. ''(Secret Societies at revolution era 1821 in Greece – Μυστικές Εταιρείες 1821 ).'' Gregory Zorzos, 2009. p.77. ISBN 9781448625499〕 opening of the new Patriarchal Palace in Cairo by Patriarch Meletios, built at the expense of Theodore Kotsikas.〔''(CHRONOLOGY (OF CHRISTIANITY IN AFRICA) ). Orthodox Research Institute. Retrieved: 29 July 2014.〕 * 1934 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk transformed Hagia Sophia into a museum.〔Marangos, Frank. ''Resolving the religious freedom issue of the Ecumenical Patriarchate.'' Forum on Public Policy: A Journal of the Oxford Round Table. 22 June 2007. ISSN: 1556-763X.〕 *1935 Death of eminent prelate Metropolitan Germanos (Karavangelis) in Vienna, who had played a central role and was an active participant both in the Greek Struggle for Macedonia and in Pontus, and was a primary candidate for election to the Ecumenical Throne of Constantinople in 1921, and to be Archbishop of Athens in 1923, only to censured in the end by both church and state;〔 (Τάσος Αθ. Γριτσόπουλος ). ''"Γερμανός. Ὁ Καραβαγγέλης."'' Θρησκευτική και Ηθική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια (ΘΗΕ). Τόμος 4 (Βυζάντιον-Διοκλής). Αθηναι – Αθαν. Μαρτινος, 1964. σελ. 400–402.〕〔 Πάνος Ν. Αβραμόπουλος. ''(Μητροπολίτης Γερμανός Καραβαγγέλης - Ο ρασοφόρος Ακρίτας ).'' Romfea.gr. Σάββατο, 11 Μαΐου 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2014.〕 Old Calendar schism, when three bishops declared their separation from the official Church of Greece stating that the calendar change was a schismatic act. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece (1924–1974)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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